In Europe, 60-70% of soils have been diagnosed as ‘non healthy’ (EC, 2020). The health of agricultural soils is crucial, not only for sustainable food production but also for the provision of ecosystem services. The complex soil ecosystem is highly evolved and sophisticated. It processes organic waste into soil. It filters and cleans much of the water we drink and the air we breathe by retaining dust and pathogens. It plays a large role in how much carbon dioxide is in the atmosphere.

Mudgrams are produced by using soil as an image generator. The soil specimens come from contaminated areas containing large amounts invisible (chemical) elements (such as PFAS, sulfates, nitrates, etc.). In letting the contaminated soil interact with the photo-chemical layer, the polluted elements and phenols in the soil start to leave an imprint onto the image, a trace of their chemical co-operation. The Mudgrams therefore move away from an optical relationship with the world, towards a more direct approach based on a direct, material contact between and its subject. As a result of a process of co-authorship with earthly matters to produce a visual remnant of their interaction, they occupy a middle position between a chemigram and a photogram.
This project is ongoing.
Mudgram, Dries Segers in collaboration with polluted soils, 2023-2025, photographic negatives, different sizes

Locations of different soils (selection) are listed below in a spreadsheet.

Mudgrams (selection), different original negatives on lightbox


Location Coordinates Specificities location Size Photogr. Film Exp. Time Plants/Species Materials Mudgram Forever Chemicals
51.343429, 3.807765 Industry (Oil, Chemicals, Platstic), Harbour, Sea, Canal, Oysters, Concrete, Carpark, Dogs, Boatwatcher 10,2x12,7cm Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 unkown Seaweed, Moss, Oysters, Mussels, PFAS 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, Sea water (North Sea) PFAS level: 300 ng/kg (2020)
51.343429, 3.807765 Industry (Oil, Chemicals, Platstic), Harbour, Sea, Canal, Oysters, Concrete, Carpark, Dogs, Boatwatcher 10,2x12,7cm Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 unkown Seaweed, Moss, Oysters, Mussels, PFAS 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, Sea water (North Sea) PFAS level: 300 ng/kg (2020)
51.343429, 3.807765 Industry (Oil, Chemicals, Platstic), Harbour, Sea, Canal, Oysters, Concrete, Carpark, Dogs, Boatwatcher 10,2x12,7cm Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 unkown Seaweed, Moss, Oysters, Mussels, PFAS 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, Sea water (North Sea) PFAS level: 300 ng/kg (2020)
51.232371, 4.326351 3M Factory, Grassfield, Harbour, Industrial area close to highway E34 and river Schelde. Neighbouring industry: Katoen Natie, INEOS, ExxonMobile (Petroleum, Polymeren, Oil) Highest PFAS detection worldwide (2023) 10,2x12,7cm Ilford FP4 plus 125, 12/2009 unkown no specifications 2 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, Tab water (Brussels) PFAS level: 72.800.000 ng/L (groundwater, 2020)
51.241483, 4.338079 INEOS, Grassfield, Harbour, Industrial area close to highway E34 and river Schelde. Neighbouring industry: Katoen Natie, 3M, ExxonMobile (Petroleum, Polymeren, Oil) Highest PFAS detection worldwide (2023) 10,2x12,7cm Ilford FP4 plus 125, 12/2009 unkown Rabbit fecies, 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, Tab water (Brussels) PFAS level: 6.200 ng/kg
51.246379, 4.330171 ExxonMobile, Grassfield, Harbour, Industrial area close to highway E34 and river Schelde. Neighbouring industry: Katoen Natie, 3M, ExxonMobile (Petroleum, Polymeren, Oil) Highest PFAS detection worldwide (2023) 10,2x12,7cm Ilford FP4 plus 125, 12/2009 unkown no specifications PFAS level: 25.380 ng/kg (2021)
51.330575, 3.759696 Agriculture (florishing patato), dike, a creek, Industrial plants nearby, Horse farm and camping site (tourism) 13 x 18 cm KodakVericolor II, 1984 unkown no specifications 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, Sea water no records
51.331728, 3.772836 Between residential and industrial area, 2 roads coming together, farms and petrochemical industry 10,2x12,7cm Kodak TMAX 400, 01/1995 unkown no specifications 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, Tab water (Brussels) no records
51.341469, 3.823714 Beach at residential area of Terneuzen, sand with shells, crab, feathers, stones, 10,2x12,7cm FOMAPAN 100, 09/2023 25" inside without sun, only clouds crab, feathers, seaweed, 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, Sea water no records
51.341469, 3.823714 Beach at residential area of Terneuzen, sand with shells, crab, feathers, stones, 13 x 18 cm Kodak Vericolor III type S, 05/1987 39" inside without sun, only clouds feathers, seaweed, 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, Sea water no records
51.329219, 3.756801 Patato field, monoculture, dry season, near Petrochemical Industry, near creek 10,2x12,7cm Kodak TMAX 400, 01/1995 19" outside with clouds Patato field, monoculture 1/2 vitamin C, 1 Soda Bicarbonate, tab water no records
51.329219, 3.756802 Patato field, monoculture, dry season, near Petrochemical Industry, near creek 10,2x12,7cm Kodak TMAX 400, 01/1995 16" outside with clouds Patato field, monoculture 1/2 vitamin C, 1 Soda Bicarbonate, tab water no records
51.329219, 3.756803 Patato field, monoculture, dry season, near Petrochemical Industry, near creek 10,2x12,7cm Kodak TMAX 400, 01/1995 12" outside with clouds Patato field, monoculture 1/2 vitamin C, 1 Soda Bicarbonate, tab water, leftover RA4 no records
51.331728, 3.772836 Flax field (linseed), reginal road 10,2x12,7cm Kodak TMAX 400 Estar, 01/1995 unkown Flax, Corn 1/2 vitamin C, 1 Soda Bicarbonate, tab water, alum no records
51.151996, 4.332828 Slib 10,2x12,7cm Fujichrome 100D RDP, 10/1992 13" sun + clouds, outside no specifications 1/2 vitamin C, 1 Soda Bicarbonate, tab water PFAS level: 188,9 ng/L (2008)
51.329219, 3.756803 Dike between road and agriculture, below sea level, defense for floods 10,2x12,7cm Kodak TMAX 100, broken film (leakage) 10" sun + clouds, outside no specifications 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, tab water no records
50.918529, 5.534741 Braak land in industrial area, dogs and bikers are using the space for leisure 10,2x12,7cm Ilford FP4 plus 125, 12/2009 5" direct sunlight no specifications 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, canal water PFAS level: 48,9 ng/L (2008)
51.097247, 4.33823 Dyke from river Rupel (tides bring the water of the river Schelde into this arm) 10,2x12,7cm // 8" sunlight and clouds cane, grass fields 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, tabwater PFAS level: 200 ng/kg (2021)
51.155555, 4.336015 Soil from the grounds of a concrete factory "Jakobs Beton" 10,2x12,7cm Kodak TMAX 400, 01/1997 6 min sunlight no plants growing 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, Schelde (river)water PFAS level: 5100 ng/kg (2022)
50.376886, 6.103528 Pinetrees, very high ph, regional road, stream, Ilford Formolit® SP4, G4E.74 unkown pineneedles, mushroom, decaying pinwood 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, tabwater no records
50.376886, 6.103529 Pinetrees, very high ph, regional road, stream, Ilford Formolit® SP4, G4E.74 unkown pineneedles, mushroom, decaying pinwood 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, tabwater no records
51.343429, 3.807765 Industry (Oil, Chemicals, Platstic), Harbour, Sea, Canal, Oysters, Concrete, Carpark, Dogs, Boatwatcher 10,2x12,7cm Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 5" direct sunlight Seaweed, Moss, Oysters, Mussels, PFAS 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, Sea water no records
51.343429, 3.807766 Industry (Oil, Chemicals, Platstic), Harbour, Sea, Canal, Oysters, Concrete, Carpark, Dogs, Boatwatcher 10,2x12,7cm Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 5" direct sunlight Seaweed, Moss, Oysters, Mussels, PFAS 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, Sea water no records
51.343429, 3.807767 Industry (Oil, Chemicals, Platstic), Harbour, Sea, Canal, Oysters, Concrete, Carpark, Dogs, Boatwatcher 10,2x12,7cm Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 5" direct sunlight Seaweed, Moss, Oysters, Mussels, PFAS 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, Sea water no records
51.343429, 3.807768 Industry (Oil, Chemicals, Platstic), Harbour, Sea, Canal, Oysters, Concrete, Carpark, Dogs, Boatwatcher 13 x 18 cm Kodak Vericolor III type S, 05/1987 5" direct sunlight Seaweed, Moss, Oysters, Mussels, PFAS 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, Sea water no records
50.936834, 5.480353 ArcelorMittal, Albert canal (connection between Antwerp & Genk/Hasselt, Belgium), Truckstop, 10,2x12,7cm Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 10" UV light no specifications 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, water Canal PFAS level: 115 ng/L (2020)
50.375778, 6.093607 Near the stream Amel, Clay soil 10,2x12,7cm // 6" cloudy weather no plants, only puddle water 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, tabwater no records
50.375778, 6.093607 Near the stream Amel, Clay soil 10,2x12,7cm // 6" cloudy weather no plants, only puddle water 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, tabwater no records
50.375778, 6.093607 Near the stream Amel, Clay soil 10,2x12,7cm // 6" cloudy weather no plants, only puddle water 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, tabwater no records
50.376886, 6.103529 Pinetrees, very high ph, regional road, stream, // // 5" direct sunlight pineneedles, mushroom, decaying pinwood 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, tabwater no records
51.321495, 4.247821 Nuclear power plant, near the border between Belgium and the Netherlands, grassfields,  ENGIE Electrabel (French Company), 10,2x12,7cm Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 5" sun + clouds Grassfield 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, tabwater PFAS level: 457,9 ng/L (2008)
51.011773, 5.541925

Soil tip from former mines in the east of Belgium 10,2x12,7cm Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 5" shadow on sunny day Gravel, Miningwaste 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, tabwater no records
50.909018, 5.514230 Construction worksite pressing with heavy metal boards, cover for high cranes 10,2x12,7cm Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 8' UV light Uncovered soil 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, tabwater PFAS level: 79 ng/kg (2021)
50.938300, 4.422779 At the banks of the river Zenne, which water is coming from Brussels, grass, cooling towers of power plant at the other side of the river. 10,2x12,7cm Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 5' direct sunlight, outside Grassfield 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, water Zenne (Vilvoorde) PFAS level: 79 ng/kg (2021)
51.001404, 5.627061 Just a few steps away from the gravel pit at Maasmechelen, next to river Maas (which is the natural border between Belgium and the Netherlands) // Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 11' outside, clouds, no sunlight Sand, no plants 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, water Canal Maas PFAS level: 8300 ng/kg (2021)
multiple coordinates Leftbank, Zelzate, Sand residue 10,2x12,7cm Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 7' direct sunlight, outside // 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, water Schelde river PFAS level: 5600 ng/L (2008)
multiple coordinates residue of micro plastics that were blown away by distributor Katoen Natie, flooding transports them in the water and on the shores 10,2x12,7cm Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 7' direct sunlight, outside // 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, water Schelde river mixed records
multiple coordinates residue of micro plastics that were blown away by distributor Katoen Natie, flooding transports them in the water and on the shores 10,2x12,7cm Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 7' direct sunlight, outside // 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, water Schelde river mixed records
multiple coordinates residue of micro plastics that were blown away by distributor Katoen Natie, flooding transports them in the water and on the shores 10,2x12,7cm Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 7' direct sunlight, outside // 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, water Schelde river mixed records
multiple coordinates residue of micro plastics that were blown away by distributor Katoen Natie, flooding transports them in the water and on the shores 10,2x12,7cm Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 7' direct sunlight, outside // 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, water Schelde river mixed records
multiple coordinates Right bank of the Schelde (City of Antwerp) 10,2x12,7cm Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 7' direct sunlight, outside // 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, water Schelde river PFAS level: 445,4 ng/kg (2008)
51.129711, 3.791829 Training plots for fire brigades, very high amounts of PFAS, area close to a suburb 10,2x12,7cm Ilford FP4 plus 125, 12/2009 6' UV light uncovered soil 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate PFAS level: 129.000 ng/kg (2021)
51.129711, 3.791829 Training plots for fire brigades, very high amounts of PFAS, area close to a suburb 10,2x12,7cm Ilford FP4 plus 125, 12/2009 6' UV light 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate PFAS level: 129.000 ng/kg (2021)
51.343191, 3.752251 Terneuzen next to the tanks of EVOS. 13 x 18 cm Kodak Vericolor II, type S, 01/1984 10" direct sunlight 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, North sea water no records
51.343191, 3.752251 Terneuzen next to the tanks of EVOS. 13 x 18 cm Kodak Vericolor II, type S, 01/1984 10" direct sunlight 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, North sea water no records
51.341085, 3.744315 Zonnepanelen EVOS, Terneuzen 10,2x12,7cm 10" direct sunlight 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, tabwater PFAS level: 300 ng/kg (2020)
51.343191, 3.752251 EVOS, chemical storage (gasliquids) 10,2x12,7cm Ilford FP4 plus 125, 12/2009 10" direct sunlight 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, tabwater no records
51.264053, 3.821746 Agriculture (mono) - fields have just been prepared for the seeding. 10,2x12,7cm Ilford FP4 plus 125, 12/2010 10" direct sunlight 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, tabwater no records
51.189368, 3.796669 Social living area, built for the workers of the steel factories in the canal area. 10,2x12,7cm // 10" direct sunlight 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, canal water (Gent-Terneuzen) no records
51.149227, 3.779814 Industry in the perimeter (500mtrs): Cement factory, Fuel storage, Timberwood storage, Pet food production, 10,2x12,7cm Kodak TMAX 400, 01/1995 10" direct sunlight 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, canal water (Gent-Terneuzen) PFAS level: 57820 ng/L (2021)
51.374039, 3.663897 10,2x12,7cm Kodak Ektapan, 05/1997 10" direct sunlight 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, North sea water no records
51.170541, 3.791578 Across from Arcelor Mittal Gent, Beton, Salt, 13 x 18 cm Kodak Vericolor II, type S, 01/1984 10" direct sunlight 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, water (Canal Gent-Terneuzen) PFAS level: 39056 ng/L (2021)
51.149227, 3.779814 Industry in the perimeter (500mtrs): Cement factory, Fuel storage, Timberwood storage, Pet food production, 20,32 x 25,4 cm (8x10inch) Kodak Portra 400 (ANNVULLEN) 9' UV light 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate, water Canal PFAS level: 57820 ng/L (2021)
50.832648, 4.311660 Fire brigade training and storage center 10,2x12,7cm Ilford FP4 plus 125, 12/2009 11' sunlight 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate PFAS level: 18.938.000 ng/L (groundwater, 2022)
51.181607, 4.464856 Stelplaats De Lijn, Antwerpen 10,2x12,7cm Kodak 100TMAX, 11/2013 6' UV light 1 spoon Vitamin C, 2 spoon Soda Bicarbonate PFAS level: 35.200 ng/kg (2021)

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